Each computer on a network must have a network card. Computer networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks LANs , for example, typically span a single home, school, or small office building, whereas wide area networks WANs , reach across cities, states, or even across the world.
The internet is the world's largest public WAN. Computer networks also differ in their design approach. The two basic forms of network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, web pages, files, and applications accessed by client computers and other client devices. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all devices tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are common in business and peer-to-peer networks are common in homes.
A network topology defines the network layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In bus networks, for example, all computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh. Communication languages used by computer devices are called network protocols. Another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support.
The idea is that you start with the services the underlying hardware offers, then add a sequence of layers, each of which provides a higher level of service. Layering helps IT professionals build a network into more manageable components. One of the things that has made the Internet such a success is the fact that software running in general-purpose computers provides so much of its functionality, which means new functionality can be added easily. As a result, new applications and services can deployed in a heartbeat.
Knowing how to deploy network software is an essential part of understanding computer networks. Specific instructions and visual representations for both the client and the server can be found in the networking PDF. Naturally, computer networks are expected to perform well, and it's vital to understand the factors that can impact network performance. Network performance is measured by bandwidth and latency.
A network's bandwidth is the number of bits that can be transmitted over the network in a certain period of time. Latency is how long it takes a message to travel from one end of a network to the other and is measured in time. To read the full book chapter, download this free computer networking PDF using the form above.
Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, Fifth Edition, teaches the key principles of computer networks, using the Internet as a primary example to explain protocols and networking technologies.
The book encourages readers to think, through a number of perspectives, about how a network can fit into a larger, complex system of interaction.
His research focuses on the design and implementation of networked systems. All rights reserved. Printed with permission from Morgan Kaufmann, a division of Elsevier. You can get the link from the below button:.
This book continues to offer a fresh and timely approach to computer networking instruction. The most important aspects of this book are its top-down approach, its focus on the Internet and a modern treatment of computer Networking, its attention to both principles and practice, and its accessible style and approach toward learning about computer networking.
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A fun way of learning practical networking concepts is the basic idea of this book. If you really wants to learn networking from scratch for the industry then this is the best book for networking anyone can suggest. The pictures and examples used in this book are worth reading.
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